Yesterday, we did a combustion experiment where we had to heat water and record the temperature of the water every 10 seconds until it started to boil. First with the Bunsen burner on the blue flame, and second with it on the orange. Complete combustion happens when there is enough oxygen in the air. This makes a blue flame which burns hot. Incomplete combustion happens when there is not enough oxygen in the air. This makes a red/orange flame, which burns colder.

My hypothesis was that the water on the blue flame would boil faster.

To set up the experiment, first, we had to put a Bunsen burner with a gause mat on top on a heat mat. Next, we had to fill a beaker with 100ml of water and then heat it until boiling on both the orange and blue flames. Examples of my setups:

In conclusion, my hypothesis was correct, and the blue flame boiled the water way faster. These are my group’s results:

Aim
The aim of my experiment was to determine whether various household items, including floor cleaner, vinegar, 7-Up, and dishwashing liquid, are acidic or basic by using litmus paper as an indicator.

Equipment

• Litmus paper (red and blue)
• Household chemicals
• Petri dishes or small containers
• Dropper or pipette
• pH scale reference

Method

1. I gathered all the household items and equipment needed for the experiment.
2. I labeled each petri dish or container with the name of the household item I would test.
3. Using the dropper, I placed a few drops of each household item into its corresponding dish.
4. I took a piece of red litmus paper and dipped it into the first sample. I observed any color change and recorded the result.
5. I repeated step 4 using blue litmus paper.
6. I documented the results for each item, noting the color changes observed with both red and blue litmus paper.
7. I compiled my results into a table for easy comparison.

Results
[Insert pictures of the experiment and results here]
[Link to your results table]

Discussion

• Why did different household chemicals change different colors?
  Different household chemicals have varying pH levels, which caused them to react differently with litmus paper. Acidic substances changed blue litmus paper to red, while basic substances turned red litmus paper blue.

• How did I know if these chemicals were acidic or basic?
  I knew by observing the color change in the litmus paper after it was dipped into each household item. If the red litmus turned blue, the substance was basic; if the blue litmus turned red, it was acidic.

• Why might a universal indicator be more useful than litmus paper?
  Universal indicators provide a full range of colors that correspond to specific pH levels, allowing for a more precise determination of acidity or basicity compared to litmus paper, which only indicates whether a substance is acidic or basic without giving exact pH values.

Conclusion

• Did all my experiments work? If they didn’t, why?
  I reflected on the outcomes of my experiments. If some did not work, I considered potential reasons such as incorrect handling, contamination, or the nature of the household item.

• What could I do to improve my science next time?
  To improve future experiments, I could consider using a wider range of indicators, ensuring proper sanitation of equipment, and conducting multiple trials for each item to confirm results

Drug one: crystal meth.

There are many consequences of using this drug, some of which include:

1. Using crystal meth can lead to severe physical health issues, including dental problems and increased risk of infectious diseases. = Physical
2. It can cause significant mental health effects, such as anxiety, paranoia, and hallucinations. = Mental
3. Crystal meth is highly addictive, leading people to try to have as much as possible. = Mental
4. Overuse may result in cognitive impairments, affecting memory and judgment. = Mental
5. Users often face social consequences, including bad relationships and legal trouble. = All?

Drug two:

Our aim was to make an atom out of paper and sequins.

Method:

1. Cut out rings of paper
2. Add protons
3. Add neutrons
4. Add electrons
5. Tape the rings together
6. String it up on the wall

Our atom had 20 protons, 20 electrons, and 20 neutrons.  The mass of calcium is 40. Some facts about it are that bones and teeth are made up of it. Foods like milk have calcium in them.

Our atom worked well, but next time I think we should make it look better by cutting the rings out better.

Hello readers and bloggers,

This week we worked in groups to draw the first 20 elements of the periodic table. This is the one that I made: 

Achievement means winning or doing well in something that you do.

This term, we have been learning about physics, and one of the ways that we applied this was by making bottle rockets.

Our aim was to make a rocket that could go the furthest and fly the fastest. The equipment that our group used to make our rocket was: A two-litre bottle, thin cardboard, tape, card, and candle wax. We started making the rocket by folding the card into a cone, and pouring wax into it to make it stronger, and to make the tip pointed. Next, we attached the cone to the bottle with tape, then cut wings out of the thin cardboard and attached them to the bottle. We made sure to think about how big our wings would need to be so that it would go as far as possible. to do this, we thought about aerodynamics and what would cause drag.

In the end our rocket went backwards 2 meters in distance, spent 2.3 seconds in the air, and after calculating the velocity using formulas we learned this term, (V=D/T), ( -4/2.2=-1.81m/s) we concluded it flew at a velocity of -1.81m/s. It went backwards because the force of the drag was stronger than the force of the thrust. This is why Arjun’s rocket went further than ours, even though his rocket’s wings were much smaller.

Our results showed that the heavy, unbalanced wings and high amounts of drag made it pull up so much that it went backwards. I think we should have tried making it lighter and faster by making smaller wings and a smaller nose cone.

In conclusion, I think we probably could have done better, but for that, we would need materials like hot glue and better cardboard maybe even balsa wood.

An image of our completed bottle rocket:

I have not achieved my goal yet, which was passing my CAAs. However, I have been working towards it by doing a lot of studying at school.

My goal from last term is to pass my CAA. I haven’t completed this yet because I haven’t been able to attempt it. To achieve this I can practice more and study.